# Squeeze whitespace (space, tab, and unicode whitestuff) into a single blank tr -s '[:blank:]' ' '
# Replaces all newlines with spaces in the file 'foo' tr '\n' ' ' < foo > foo
# Convert FOO to lowercase echo FOO | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'
# change all non-alphanumeric characters to spaces tr -c '[:alnum:]' ' '